{"id":8736,"date":"2023-09-24T21:35:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-24T21:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monaco-consulate.com\/redesign\/?page_id=8736"},"modified":"2024-06-21T17:47:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T17:47:59","slug":"institutions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/monaco-consulate.com\/redesign\/institutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Institutions"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Institutions<\/span><\/span><\/h1>

The Principality of Monaco is a constitutional monarchy where basic principles such as the separation of powers and fundamental freedom and rights are guaranteed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

institutions of Monaco<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>
The Constitution<\/span><\/span><\/div>
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The Principality was endowed with a Constitution for the first time on January 5, 1911, by Prince Albert Ist. It was replaced by the Constitution of December 17, 1962, presently in force, enacted by Prince Rainier III.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

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Victoria Rose<\/span><\/span><\/h5>
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It establishes that the executive power concers the Prince\u2019s High Authority, while the Government is exercised by the Minister of State, assisted by Government Counsellors.<\/p>\n

The legislative and budgetary powers are exercized jointly by the Prince and the National Council.<\/p>\n

The public and private rights established by the Constitution are applied without distinction and independent of nationality. They are: the right to individual freedom and safety, the legality of penalties, the abolition of the death penalty, the non-retroactivity of penal laws, the inviolability of domicile, respect of private and domestic life, secrecy of correspondence, freedom of religion, freedom of opinion, the inviolability of property, the right to work, the right to trade-union action, the right to strike, the right of association and the right to petition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

Constitution of the Principality (PDF)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

The Sovereign Prince<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

The Prince is the Head of State and thus \u2018\u2026 represents the Principality in its relations with foreign powers.\u2019 As such, he acts as guarantor for national independence, territorial integrity and respect of the treaties. The Prince signs and ratifies treaties.<\/p>\n

The Sovereign, who before 1911 held all State powers, delegated or shared the exercize of some of them with the Constitutions of 1911 and 1962.
\nExecutive power is given to the supreme au<\/p>\n

thority of the reigning Prince. The Government is exercized by a Minister of State who represents the Prince and is assisted by a Government\u00a0Council.<\/p>\n

The Constitution grants a few particular prerogatives, customary to Heads of States, to the Sovereign: Right of grace and amnesty, right of naturalization, right to grant titles and distinctions.<\/p>\n

The Constitution of 1962 states that the succession to the Throne passes to the direct and legitimate descendants of the reigning Prince under the principle of primogeniture, male descendants taking precedence over female descendants of the same degree of kin. In the absence of legitimate descendants, an adopted child may succeed to the Throne. The Prince, however, can only exercise his powers if he has reached his majority, set at the age of 18. During his minority or in case the Prince is not able to exercise his functions, the organization and conditions of exercise of the Regency are provided by the House Laws of the Sovereign Family.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Victoria Rose<\/span><\/span><\/h5>
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Constitution of the Principality (PDF)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>
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The Government Council<\/span><\/span><\/h4>

A Minister of State and\u00a0Government Counsellors are responsible towards the Prince for the administration of the Principality.
\nThe Prince nominates the Minister of State and five Government Counsellors who are administrative heads of departments: one each for Finances and the Economy, the Interior, Public Works and Social Affairs, Facilities and Town Planning and External Relations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

The National Council<\/span><\/span><\/h4>

The National Council is a representative assembly with elections held every five years by a list system in a single ballot with the option to vote for candidates from different parties without preferential vote. Voters are Mon\u00e9gasque nationals, 18 or older.<\/p>\n

It is sometimes qualified as a \u2018high assembly\u2019. Its powers, established by the Constitution, cover all legislative and budgetary questions of\u00a0national interest, including voting of the national budget.<\/p>\n

The National Council shares the legislative power with the Prince as the law depends on agreement between the two: the Prince has the right of initiative, the Assembly the right to vote the law, the Prince the right to sanction and promulgate it.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Monaco is divided into five areas:<\/span><\/span><\/div>